Early aircraft mainly relied on visual navigation. The development of instrument navigation began in the 1920s. There are simple instruments on the plane, and the position at that time is obtained by manual calculation.
In the 1930s, radio navigation appeared, and the first medium-wave four-channel radio beacon and radio compass were used, and the navigation information mainly relied on the heading.
In the early 1940s, the development of ultrashort wave Vohr navigation system began. Before and after the Second World War, due to the urgent needs of the military and the advancement of science and technology, navigation gradually became a specialized technology. During this period, continuous wave FM radio altimeter, radar altimeter and barometric altimeter, barometric altimeter, precision approach radar, Doppler navigation system, instrument landing system and other equipment appeared one after another and were widely used.
The inertial navigation system was applied to aircraft navigation in the early 1950s.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the long-range radio Roland C navigation system was used, and the Tacan navigation and the ultra-long-range Omega navigation system were developed.
In the 1960s, autonomous navigation systems developed rapidly, mainly due to the important applications of inertial navigation systems. Satellite navigation appeared in the early 1960s. In the 1970s, aviation navigation entered a stage of accelerated development, and large civil aircraft were equipped with inertial navigation systems.
At the end of the 1970s, a series of new navigation systems appeared one after another, including satellite navigation systems, laser ring gyro strapdown inertial navigation systems, microwave landing systems, terrain assistance systems, etc. In the process, in order to play the characteristics of different navigation systems, Various integrated navigation systems have emerged. Among these navigation methods, satellite navigation systems and their augmented systems and integrated navigation systems have played a central role.
Since the 1980s, navigation technology has undergone tremendous changes. With the rapid development of the air transportation industry, safety, economy and accuracy have become new requirements for navigation systems, which has promoted the emergence of new navigation systems and navigation systems. , and applied to the national economy and other fields.
